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播音员：你好，早安。
announcer:hello.good morning.
今天是温暖又阳光的一天。
it's a warm and a sunny one today.
75℉（24℃）
75 degress.
一个去海滩的好天气。
it's a great day to head to the beach.
报道：当地居民已经开始担心
reporter:area residents have been concerned
在当地肆虐横行的
about rat infestation in the area--
屋顶鼠，沟鼠,
the roof rat,the norway rat,
这些在我们生活中最常见的。
the most common living amongst us.
他们担心对健康的影响
they're worried about the health implications
和对孩子的影响。
and the impact on childern.
报道2：科学家们开始了解这个野生城市
reporter #2:scientists are beginning to learn about the wild urban
并清楚和人类行为的相似处。
it's very clear how similar their behavior is to humans.
报道3：随着人口的激增
reporter #3:as the population increases,
老鼠被垃圾喂养着。
so do the rats feeding off the garbage.
报道4：老鼠增加了140%。
reporter #4:rats up 140%.
报道5：城市将在害虫中失去控制。
reporter #5:the city's failing to control its vermin.
报道：世界卫生组织
reporter:the world health organization
已经发出严重预警
is on high alert
不久将会有一场瘟疫在城市爆发。
after an outbreak of the plague hit the city.
报道2：在中世纪，瘟疫造成了
reporter #2: the plague killed an estimated 200 million people
约2亿人死亡。
in the middle ages.
卫生部加大了约290万
the health department has stepped up its spending
美元的支出......
at $2.9 million...
报道：在一些国家的部分地区,
reporter:in some parts of the country,
老鼠对我们用来杀死它们的毒药产生了免疫。
rats are becoming resistant to the poisons we use to kill them.
报道2：在全球范围内，老鼠都显示出了
reporter #2: rats are showing these poison-resistant mutations
对毒药免疫的突变情况。
all over the globe.
报道：老鼠数量的剧增
reporter #1:there's no end in sight
看起来依旧没有尽头。
as the rat population increases rapidly.
鼠之战
我叫Ed Sheehan。
my name is ed sheehan.
我是一名害虫终结者。
i am an exterminator.
我从事病虫害防治行业48年，
i spent 48 years in the pest-control industry.
开始于1967年5月6日。
started saturday after labor day 1967.
没人想这样做。
nobody wants to do it.
我会做。
i'll do it.
我做这些工作赚了很多钱。
i made a lot of money doing this stuff.
老鼠非常聪明，
rats are very intelligent,
比我们想象中的要更加的聪明。
more intelligent than i think we give them credit for.
尽管你捕杀了他们，
however you kill them,you kill them,
但对于我们每一个行动，
but for every action on our part,
它们都会有反应。
there's a reaction on their part.
它们机警，它们认路。
they're observant.they know the area.
它们总是对任何发生的事情保持警惕。
they're always alert about what's going on.
听，他们受到了惊吓。
listen, they're scary.
但是，我必须尊重它们。
but i've got to respect them.
要知道，经过将近50年......
you know,after almost 50 years...
它们进步了......
they jump out...
...我却倒退了。
...i'm jumping back.
纽约---纽约
早上好，各位。
rick:good morning, everybody.
欢迎来到鼠类学院。
welcome to the rat academy.
废话不多说，我很乐意将位置让给
without any further ado, i would like to turn the floor over
Robert Carrigan 博士。
to dr. robert carrigan.
谢谢，Rick。早上好，各位。
carrigan: thanks, rick.good morning, everybody.
早上好。好
all: good morning.okay.
然而即使很多人认为，
so even though a lot of people think,
“嗯，这仅仅是一只肮脏的老鼠”
"well, it's just a dirty rat"...
它们却非常复杂，聪明过人。
these are very sophisticated,diabolically clever animals.
对于在座各位
for those of you here
尤其是卫生部的
with the department of health in particular,
新的根除者，新的巡查者，
new exterminators,new inspectors,
在这个学院中，
in this academy,
我们的工作是训练，当你们在城市中漫步时，
our job is to train you to see what others overlook
能够找寻别人所忽略的地方。
when you walk around a city.
检查一下这个。
check this out.
这是纽约城的东下区。
this is lower east side,new york city.
这有一家餐厅。
there's a restaurant over here.
走出人行道，然后，哇，让我们进去。
come down the sidewalk,and boom, let's move in.
大多数人都会走过这里。
most people would walk right by that.
他们永远不会想到老鼠可以使用那个洞。
they would never think of rats being able to use that hole.
这种啮齿动物已经在这个角落留下标记。
this rodent has marked up the corners.
他们用带有信息素的粪便和尿液
they'll use pheromones within their feces their and urine
来进行交流。
to communicate.
鼠尿是这些搭配着足迹的污点
rat urine is this blob with a trail.
污点、足迹、污点、足迹。看这个。
blob, trail, blob, trail.look at this one.
这里有一个极好的鼠尿。哇哦。
gorgeous rat pee right there.whoop.
我不想在这里吃东西。
i don't want to eat there.
你将会看到鼠尿遍布整个城市。
you'll see rat pee all over this city.
人们说，“嗯，我们可以摆脱老鼠吗？”
people say, "well,can we get rid of the rats?"
我想，“这是非常重要的，却难以完成的任务。”
i'm like,"that's a big, tall order."
老鼠已经在曼哈顿250年了。
the rats have been in manhattan for 250 years.
据我所知，老鼠起源于蒙古地区，
rats originated in mongolia area, as far as we know,
藏在船里，
hid in the ships
吃的是水手吃的东西，
and fed on whatever the sailors were eating,
穿过海洋来到了新世界，
came across the ocean over to the new world,
因此他们传播方式和人类一样。
and so they spread in the way people spread.
老鼠带给我们的最大危险是疾病。
the greatest danger rats pose to us is disease.
当然，每个人都知道鼠疫。
of course, everyone knows about bubonic plague.
老鼠和它们的跳蚤杀死了2亿人。
rats and their fleas wiped out 200 million people.
但同时也有其他疾病。
but there are other diseases.
有大肠杆菌、
there are cases of e. coli...
巴尔通体菌、沙门氏菌、立克次氏体等病例。
bartonella, salmonella, rickettsia.
事实上，它们居住在下水道，
the fact that they inhabit sewers,
一只脚可以携带500万种病毒。
rats can carry 5 million viruses on one foot.
并且作为一种动物，
and this is an animal that,
如果有机会，它们会攻击。
if it has an opportunity, will attack.
如果你站在那里——大约1.7米
and if you're standing -- a human being 5'7", 5'8"...
它们可以跳到我们的胸口，爬过身体，
they jump right onto the chest, crawl across our bodies,
咬我们的脸，并真的会杀了我们。
bite someone in the face, literally kill us.
我们生来就避免
we are hardwired to avoid
去思考这些动物。
wanting to think about these animals.
我们生来就拒绝这样，或许是为了生存。
we are hardwired to be repulsed, probably for our survival.
早上好，各位。
good morning, everybody.
如今是冬季末。
it's the end of winter.
这意味着什么？
what is that?
对，是老鼠的季节。
it's rat season, okay.
这也是老鼠繁殖的季节，因此这是--
it's rat reproduction season,so this is --
我叫Rick Simeone。
my name is rick simeone.
我是卫生与心理部
i'm the director of pest-control services
病虫害防治服务部主任。
for the department of health and mental hygiene.
今天我想讨论一下关于Catten购物广场。
we want to talk a little bit today about catten plaza.
昨天我们见到有多少洞穴，
how many burrows did we see there yesterday,
有人记得么？
does anybody remember?
一小块区域有10个，所以说，这是很糟糕了。
10 burrows in that little area, so it was pretty bad.
听着，这是一个在纽约存在200多年的问题了。
listen, this is a 200-year-old problem in new york city.
这里到处都有挑战。
it's a challenge everywhere.
看这里。
man: look over here.
垒球一般大小的洞穴。
softball-sized burrows back here.
那是一只老鼠。
that's a rat.
下饵料的好日子。是，哇哦。
great day for baiting. yeah, wow.
看这里。巨大的洞口。
look at this. huge kickback.
因此我们会开始在这个下料。
so we'll start off baiting this one.
正如像春季这种温暖的季节到来，
simeone: as the spring and the warmer weather comes,
老鼠可以在垃圾中繁殖8到12只，
rats reproduce as many as 8 to 12 in a litter,
一年5到6窝。
five to six litters a year.
他们的强繁殖能力在于多产。
they're prolific in their ability to reproduce.
继续下一个。
on to the next one.
10年前，
10 years ago,
我们的杀虫剂并不像如今。
our exterminators were not trained at this level.
这个不太深
this one is not as deep.
你需要知道剂量，
you need to know dosage rates,
饵料的类型和如何下饵料。
types of baits to use, baiting techniques,
在动物生物学领域，有新的进展。
the biology of the animal, new advances in the field.
那里，看起来像一个洞穴。
that looks like a burrow right there.
我们的目标是当你进入这些区域。
the goal is that you go into one of these areas.
老鼠被消灭了，
rats are reduced,
因此，我们给纽约的人们提供了
so we provide a much healthier environment
更加健康的环境。
for people in new york city.
我们去那里。
there we go.
好了。太棒了。
all right. awesome.
如果你认为你可以解决问题
sheehan: if you think you can solve
“我们下了饵料，我们将在一个月后回来。”
"we're baiting, we'll be back in a month,"
它并不会发生。
it ain't happening.
我们选出的官员喜欢半途而废。
our elected officials do things half-assed.
有很多垃圾在这。
a lot of garbage here.
你提供了它们的需求。
you are supplying their needs.
我们在晚上把垃圾仍在外面，
we put our garbage out at night,
直到早晨才被收走。
doesn't get picked up till the morning.
因此老鼠会在
so the rats are on the clock.
垃圾被扔出去的10到15分钟后出现......
10 to 15 minutes after that garbage goes out...
就如......
it's like...
每天晚上六点有人给你食物。
every night at 6:00 somebody came and gave you food...
你为什么要离开呢？
why would you leave?
又凭什么离开呢？
why would you leave?
我们将要去搜寻老鼠可以隐藏的地方。
carrigan: we're going to be looking at where rats can hide.
因此我将会和大家一块
so i'm going to be stopping
停下来并解读这个城市。
and almost reading the city with you guys.
没有疑问吧？是的
so we good? yep.
出发。
so let's go.
我称纽约为老鼠的热区。
i call new york city rat-tropolis.
它同样也是垃圾的热区，我这么说有很多原因。
i do so because in many ways, it's also trash-opolis.
这些事物通常是一起的。
those things go together.
纽约是全世界人口最稠密的
new york being one of the most densely populated cities
城市之一。
in the world.
老鼠则会有很大优势。
the rats are going to take advantage.
看远处，远处
from a distance, from a distance,
我想指出的是看到那个了么？嗯？
i want to point out -- see one right there? right?
他们从这里出来然后爬上去
so they're coming out of the catch basin
进入这些垃圾袋中。
right into those bags.
老鼠居住在这条街道下的
the rats live in the sewer system
下水道系统里。
that runs this particular street,
我们当我过去那边，
so when we get over there,
我们最好站在那个边缘。
we're going to kind of stand on the edge here.
你不需要找寻距离食物很远的隐蔽地。
you don't need to look far for food and places to hide.
这两样东西都在的地方，你就可以找到老鼠。
where those two things coincide, you can find the rats.
这些垃圾袋里面装满了食物，
those bags are full of all the food
是那个餐厅里的披萨，意大利面。
from that particular restaurant -- pizza, spaghetti.
垃圾袋里满满的都是。
those bags are loaded with food.
现在看到一个。看到那边的那个了吗？
man: see one right now. see one right there?
你能看到吗？
can you see that?
哦，看那个。
oh, look at that.
它们出来并爬上去。
they're coming out of the catch basin.
用到达袋子底部的方式进入。
right in that bag right there. he's way down in the bottom.
它现在仅仅是蹲着。
he's just hunkering down.
哦，它过去了。
oh, there he goes.
从下水道出来进入到“食物银行”，
right out of the sewer into the food bank,
再返回到下面，
back down to the bed,
并且没有暴露，因此它们也不担心。
and no exposure that they have to worry about.
现在有好多只老鼠在袋子里，
there are several rats right now in these bags
可能在等待我们离去，
waiting probably for this threat,
这样就对他们没有危险了。
which is us, to disappear.
现在我们离开这里。
and we're going to disappear.
我想给大家展示一下那边的东西。
i want to show you guys something over here.
鼠之战
我们要走向这边。
carrigan: we're going to walk right along here.
当我们将垃圾就这样仍在这里的时候，
when we do things like put out our trash and let it sit,
老鼠会给我们“热烈欢呼”。
rats are giving us standing ovations.
我们的行为是给予老鼠最大的奖励。
our behavior is a big reward for these rats.
看。这是一个牛肉汉堡。米饭。
look. here's a sirloin burger. rice.
这个篮子里面是一些自助餐。
these baskets are just buffets.
如此多的食物。
so much food.
因此老鼠撕咬开并试图得到食物。
so the rats are just ripping into it to try to get to them.
它们会把一些食物拉出垃圾筐。
they'll drag a piece of food out of the litter basket.
这里有一条老鼠沿着墙走的路。
here's a rat runway right along the wall.
就在垃圾筐旁边。
man: right next to the trash can.
它们将会进入丛林和树冠丛里面
and they'll work their way into a jungle and a canopy
安全的进食。
and eat in peace.
街道对面。
across the street.
老鼠从那里出来。
rats coming out of this catch basin.
看，那个。经常被大量使用。
oh, look at that. very, very heavily used.
如果老鼠找到了食物来源，
if a rat finds a food source
并且发现了其中一条途径，
and they discover one of the pathways among, say, three
而当这是最短，最安全的途径时，
is in fact the shortest, safest way to that food,
就成为了他们主要的途径。
that way becomes the main way.
这一切就在我们面前。
right in front of us. right in front of us.
因此我们的行为与此密切相关。
so we're very similar in our behaviors in that regard.
好。我们要去那个地方。
okay. we're going to head over here.
它被称为“婚礼花园”
it's called the wedding garden.
这里是纽约放置诱饵最多的地方。
the city of new york extensively baited this park.
在土壤里挖洞。
burrowing into the soil.
看这是一个洞穴。
look at this hole.
当然，这是它们的最爱之一。
certainly, that's one of their favorites.
这是一个不错的洞穴。
there's a nice burrow right here.
当你发现一个，你便可以在六英尺范围内
whenever you spot one, you begin to look within a six-foot radius
找到另一个。
for the others.
有个高高的土堆在这儿。
woman: so mounded up right here.
一个典型的老鼠洞穴——它们会挖出一个“房间”，
a typical rat burrow -- they will hollow out a chamber,
放上“床”，泡沫，塑料，
put a bed in there, styrofoam, plastic,
因为它们足够柔软和舒适。
because it's soft and cushy.
好了，我来查探这个洞穴。
all right, i'm caving in right now.
让其下沉几英寸，然后这边也是--
this is sinking several inches, right on top of the --
老鼠，老鼠。
man: rat, rat, bobby.
哦，是的。成年的大鼠--
oh, yeah. big, old --
它们聪明的建立了两条逃生路线。
they're cunning in that they build two escape routes.
就好比我们家中的后门。
it's kind of like the back doors to our own homes.
哦！它在那里。
oh! there he is.
它们会掩盖和伪装洞穴。
they will cover up and disguise them.
用树叶填满它们。
they'll fill them in with leaves.
听到了吗？
hear that?
它似乎要从里面出来了。
they seem to pop out of the ground.
它出来了。
woman: there he goes.
这有一个很完整的新洞穴。
there's a good, fresh burrow.
在这棵树下。
right under the tree.
真不错。
gorgeous.
非常突出，
really prominent, well-used.
非常好的洞穴。
gorgeous burrow.
让我们给它一些震动。
let's give it a shot.
跳。继续。
jump. keep working it.
老鼠，老鼠，老鼠！哇哦！
rat, rat, rat! beautiful. wow.
是的，它刚刚钻进去。哦，我的天！
yeah, he just dropped down. oh, my god.
我的天啊。好吧。
holy moly. all right.
我们将穿过这个边缘地带。
we're going to cross over right at the edge here.
正如你走过时，
as you walk about,
你经常可以看到是否正在被使用的东西。
you can often see whether or not something's being used.
看到那个了吗？
see one right there?
难以置信。他们就这这里。
unbelievable. they drop down here.
在城市，他们可以生活在任何它们可以找到
in cities, they live wherever they can find an opportunity
进入而不被发现的机会。
to move into without being discovered.
街道开始被破坏。
streets begin to get undermined.
人行道出现裂缝。
the sidewalk begins to break up.
这里，你可以看到我们脚下。
right here, you can see right below our feet,
你那边有一个大裂缝。
you have a major crevice there.
正如被老鼠挖出来时，注意这些裂缝。
as the rats dig it out, notice the stress cracks.
这里有一大群老鼠。
there's a large group of rats.
就在这里，我看到很多啮齿动物的毛发。
right here, i'm looking at lots of rodent hair.
这个迹象意味着
and that's one of the telltale signs
老鼠在这里来来回回。
the rats are coming and going.
检查这个。
check this out.
我们要看看我们可以得到什么。
we're going to see what we get.
你永远不知道是不是老鼠。
you never know with rats.
一切正常吗？让我们开始。
all right? here we go.
哇。呃！
whoa. ew!
那是什么？
what is that?
看到他们在移动吗？
see them moving about?
哦！
oh.
额-哦！
uh-oh.
天啊！
god.
脚下的这里就如同我们每天
right beneath our feet as we pitter-patter
上下班来回走动一样。
back and forth to our business every single day.
哦！我的天！
oh, my god.
啊！天啊！
oh, my god!
我的天啊！是啊。
holy moly. yeah.
现在，各位。
now, look, everybody here,
有一个充满餐馆的街区。
there's a block full of restaurants.
有人被老鼠咬过吗？
anyone here ever been bitten by a rat?
哦。
oh.
我只被咬过一次。
i've only been bitten once.
只有那些前面的牙齿是锋利的。
those front teeth are just razor-sharp.
老鼠从这里爬出来到街道上。
rats coming out of this catch basin across the street.
你可以看到他们在这里出入。
you can see them coming and going.
12点。
12:00.
是。就是那里。二，三。
yep. right there. two, three.
另一个。哦，天啊！
another one. oh, my gosh.
相当多啊。哦！
man: quite a few of them. oh.
哦，天啊。
oh, god.
停留一会。
want to stay back a little.
哦！
uh-oh.
你们来捕杀老鼠的？
man: y'all killing them rats?
由于这个角落我们拨打了上千次311热线。
we called 311 a thousand times about this corner right here.
他们来了，却说我们这里没有老鼠问题。
they come and said we don't have a rat problem.
我们去那里。哦，我的天啊！
there we go. woman: oh, my goodness.
成千上万只老鼠到处跑。
thousands of rats running around.
成千上万。踢那个垃圾袋。
thousands of them. kick that bag right there.
它们会出现。
man: here they come.
如果你晚上来这里，
if you come late at night,
它们会在街道上到处都是。
they're running across the street and everything.
然而，他们说我们没有老鼠问题。
yet they say we don't have a rat problem.
哦，天啊！哦！
oh, my god! oh!
那儿有更多。
there's always more.
难以置信。
unbelievable.
看这所有的幼鼠。
look at all the young ones.
这里的老鼠比纽约的人都多。
there's more rats in new york city than there is people.
哇！如此众多。
whoa! that was a monster!
可以看到跑出来的老鼠
seen more rats running out of here
比在这里的人都多。
than how many of us right here!
哦，我的天！
oh, my god.
看着所有的食物。
look at all that food.
这是没有动过的纽约意大利面包。
that is untouched italian new york city bread.
听着，最好是周六晚上来这里。
listen, saturday nights is the best night to come.
你可以看到成千上万只老鼠在这里。
you see thousands of rats out here.
你可以仅仅站在街对面就能射杀它们。
you can stand across the street and just shoot them.
好吧，我们不会这样做的。
well, we won't do that.
好的，谢谢您。
all right. thank you.
这是我们得到的最好的证据。
can't get any better than that for testimony.
好吧，所以我们要穿过这里。
all right. so we're going to cut across here.
要知道，依我看来，在未来，
you know, the future of the rat in my opinion
老鼠会越来越聪明。
looks very, very bright,
并且随着我们城市人口密度的增加。
and as density increases in our cities
我们变得更加拥挤......
and we're becoming crowded...
......老鼠生长的条件则越来越好。
...conditions are getting better for rats to thrive.
他们说，纽约的老鼠和人口一样多。
sheehan: they say in new york city, there's a rat for every person.
我认为会有更多。
i think there's more.
820万人口。
8.2 million people.
至少820万只老鼠。
at least 8.2 million rats.
老鼠基本上到处都是。
rats are basically everywhere.
地铁里。
down in the subways.
下水道。
sewers.
它们在等待着......
they're watching for...
......一个进入的机会。
...a chance to get in.
当它们第一次进来，便开始寻找食物，
when they're first coming in, they're looking for food,
因此它们首先要去厨房。
so they're going to head for the kitchen.
这些老鼠留下尿液在你所有的......
these rats, they're dribbling urine all over your...
盘子，餐刀和餐叉上。
dishes, all over your knives and forks.
你不能整夜把甜食，糖放在外面。
you don't put the sweet 'n low, the sugar away at night.
老鼠也会进入卧室。
rats will get into the bedroom.
婴儿睡觉时瓶子在他嘴里。
baby goes to sleep with the bottle in its mouth.
我接到电话，人们都在尖叫。
i get a call, people are screaming.
老鼠进到婴儿床。
rats got into the kid's crib.
我想是8或10只老鼠。
i think it was 8 or 10 rats.
老鼠大约需要两个手指大小的空间
rats need a space about the size of these two fingers
使头部可以通过。
to get that head through.
其余部分则像果冻那样伸缩。
the rest of them sort of stretches out like jell-o.
并且它们可以.......
and they're in.
如果它们掉入马桶....
if the lid's off the toilet...
它们会游出来。
...they can swim up.
老鼠在咬你的时候会扭曲身体。
a rat, when he bites you, he twists.
它们不关心你是穷人，富人或其他任何。
they don't care if you're poor, rich, or anything in between.
它们会住进去
they'll move in.
我在医院里见过。
i've seen them in hospitals.
也在养老院见过。
i've seen them in nursing homes.
在旅馆里见过。
i've seen them in hotels.
同样，在一些城市里高级的
i've seen them in some of the fanciest
餐厅和俱乐部里见过。
restaurants and clubs in the city.
在墓地里也见过。
i've seen them in the graveyard.
不知道它们在吃什么。
wonder what they're eating.
路易斯安那---新奥尔良
来让我们看看有什么。
woman: yeah, let's see what we have.
我这有一个。
man: i got one.
又一个，在这里。
man #2: got another one, here.
我这里也有一个。
i've got one over here, too.
嘿，还有一个。
hey, got another one.
麻烦抓住这个，好吗？
want to come grab this one, please?
把它们放到冰上。
let's put them on ice
因为我们要带他们回到实验室。
because we're going to take them back to the lab.
鼠之战
我是Michael Blum博士。
my name is dr. michael blum.
杜兰大学生态与进化生物学系
i'm an associate professor in the department of ecology
的副教授。
and evolutionary biology at tulane university.
我们有内脏吗？
do we have the count for the liver?
肾组织。
man: tissue from the kidney.
鼠疫试验。好的。
test for plague. okay.
这是第三季度鼠类项目。
this is season three of the rat project.
得到样品1249.
got sample 1249.
项目的基本目的
the basic objective
是了解灾后重建的新奥尔良市
is to understand the pathogen prevalence
病原体的传播率和患病率。
and disease emergence in post-katrina new orleans.
49? 49.
多刺鼠螨。
spiny rat mites.
我们知道鼠疫距离我们并不是很远。
we know that plague is not something that's far afield,
因此，我们测算瘟疫，疾控中心监控瘟疫。
so we test for plague, the cdc tests for plague.
报道：这是卡特丽娜飓风的最新消息。
reporter: here's the very latest on hurricane katrina.
报道2：新奥尔良80%处于水下。
reporter #2: 80% of new orleans is under water.
报道1：如今房屋及建筑物变成了成堆的瓦砾。
reporter #1: homes and buildings are now piles of rubble.
整个街区......
entire neighborhoods...
报道3：新奥尔良市，
reporter #3: the city of new orleans,
一个难以想象的灾区。
a site of devastating human tragedy.
我们要进入的这个地区，
blum: we're going to drop into one of the sites
至今已经诱捕约
that we've been trapping at now
一到两年。
for a little bit more than two years.
目的是了解这里的老鼠
interested in understanding what rats are there
他们携带的潜在病原体。
and what pathogens they potentially carry.
好。戴上手套。
okay. gloves on.
应该有东西在这里。
should have something around here.
肯定有很多老鼠。
there's certainly a lot of rats.
比以前更多了。
there's more now than there was before.
鼠类遍布是非常丰富的，
the rat population is hyperabundant,
即使这里没有人类。
even when there are no people.
这非常令人惊讶。
it's remarkably surprising.
哦，我们这有一个。
uh-oh. we've got one.
这是一只屋顶鼠。
this is a roof rat.
你可以分辨出来，因为耳朵更大，
you can tell because the ears are larger
尾巴更长。
and the tail is longer.
让我们检查一下这些。
let's check these ones.
在楼梯底部有吗。
you have one at the base of the stair.
没.
no.
你找到另一个了吗？是的。
did you get another? yep.
太棒了，让我们选一个。
great. let's pick that one up.
我得到一个！太棒了。
i got one! that's good.
522号陷阱。
trap number 522.
看它的胸部。
blum: look at his chest.
看，被一个牛蝇寄生了。
see, actually, he's got a botfly.
这种苍蝇会把卵产在皮肤上。
there's these flies that will lay their eggs in the skin.
幼虫会在皮肤下爬行并生长。
the larvae will crawl under the skin and grow there.
让我们回去开始工作。
blum: that gives us something to work on.
今天是个好日子。
today's a good day.
我们准备解剖
blum: we are preparing for necropsies
并提取内脏样本，
and tissue sampling of the rodents
并检测它们携带的病原体。
that we captured to assess the pathogens that they carry.
以获得这个城市所
getting a sense of the prevalence
流行性传播的病原体。
of the pathogens across the city.
好。
all right.
我们会使用异氟烷——
man: we're going to be using isoflurane --
一种气体麻醉剂——来让它们入睡。
that's a gas anesthesia -- to make them fall asleep.
一旦麻醉了老鼠之后，
blum: once we've anesthetized the rodents,
我们便对其实行安乐死。
we go through the process of euthanasia.
好。
all right.
我的是542号。331号
i have 542. 331.
重量184。
weight 184.
这一只318.1。
weight on this one, 318.1.
准备好了吗？
ready?
成年雄性，屋顶鼠全身长37.5。
so adult male, roof rat, full body 37.5.
尾部17.3。
tail...17.3.
什么类型的伤口？尾巴受伤。
what kind of wounding? tail's been broken.
有切口。
there's cuts.
耳朵有缺口，看起来像是打架。
ears have notches that it looks like it's been in a fight.
肩伤。好的。
shoulder wound. got it.
我们记录老鼠的伤口，
we note the wounds on the rats
因为一些病原体，如钩端螺旋体，
because some pathogens, like leptospira,
可以通过攻击性接触传播。
can be transmitted in aggressive contact.
Bruno，有什么外寄生虫吗？
bruno, what do you have for ectoparasites?
跳蚤可以传播瘟疫。
fleas can transmit plague.
很多吗？
very many?
不少。
a good amount.
是的，相对这个沟鼠，的确有些多。
yeah, for the norway rat, there's so many of them.
好的。
okay.
取出肺部？
taking lung?
我正要去做。
i'm going for it.
打开腹部和胸腔......
open the abdomen and thoracic cavities...
暴露出内脏。
...to expose the... tissues.
肺部。
the lungs.
内寄生虫。
internal parasites.
小心。
be careful.
它可以传播给人类。
it can be transmitted to humans.
你看到了吗？
you see that?
汉坦病毒最容易在肺中检测到。
hantaviruses are best detected in lung tissue.
另一个。
another one.
汉坦病毒的表现形式
hantaviruses are comparable
如同埃博拉病毒。
in terms of diagnostics like ebola,
会造成发热出血。
so they're hemorrhagic fevers.
多漂亮。看这条纹。
this is beautiful. look at the stripes.
好吧。
all right.
我要切开这个。
i'm cutting into this one.
哦，这个有一束绦虫
oh, yeah. this one has a bunch of tapeworms.
它们看起来像一个小囊肿，
they look like they're little cysts,
但是实际上你可以看到是一条长绦虫。
but then you can see they're actually long tapeworms.
如果他们是移动的，放到去离子水中。
if those are mobile, put them in d.i. water.
然后是肝脏。
then go for the liver.
一，二，三个囊肿。
one, two, three liver cysts.
好的。
confirmed.
现在我需要取出脾脏。
now i need to grab the spleen.
Bruno,你取出脾脏了吗？
bruno, you've taken the spleen?
脾脏取出。肾脏取出。
spleen's out. kidney's out.
巴尔通氏病原体可以在脾脏组织中检测出来。
bartonella pathogens can be detected in spleen tissue best.
肾脏。
kidneys.
我们使用肾脏来测定钩端螺旋体。
we use kidney to assess leptospira.
事实上可以在尿液中测定。
we can actually test the urine.
啮齿动物的尿液中携带钩端螺旋体。
leptospira is carried within a rodent's urine.
如果你仅仅有一个擦伤或切伤，
if you have just a small abrasion or a small cut,
也足以令你感染。
that's enough for you to be infected.
钩端螺旋体是致命的。
leptospira is lethal.
从尾部样本，
from the tail samples,
我们可以收集老鼠DNA。
we collect dna from the rat itself.
肾，肝，脾，胃
kidney, liver, spleen, tail,
所有这些都被用于，
all these are used
测定不同的病原体，
for different pathogens that we assess,
其中的一些测定使用
some of which are better assessed
不同的器官能更准确测定。
using different organs than others.
就这些了，这个已经完成。
and that's it, so this guy is done.
这些将放入这个红色袋子，之后放入冷库。
and this goes into a red bag that will be put in the freezer.
我们保存这些，以便在今后
we keep things on hand so that if in the future
疾控中心需要返回做研究。
the cdc wants to come back and do studies,
我们可以提供这些材料供其使用。
we'll have those archives available for their use.
好吧。我切开1521号。
all right. i'm cutting into 1521.
牛蝇。
the botfly.
活的。呃.......
live. uh...
可以移动。
moving around.
这只幼虫由它母亲产在老鼠的皮肤下。
it's a fly larva laid under the skin of the rat by its mother.
放入乙醇中。
put it in ethanol.
我从未见到过。
i haven't actually seen one of these before.
我们可以在显微镜下好好观察。
we can take a good look on the microscope.
我们实际上取得了一些进展
so we have actually made a fair bit of progress
从老鼠身上发现的东西中。
in terms of the things that we're finding in rats.
目前为止，我们专注于立克次氏体，汉塔，
so far, we've been focusing on rickettsia, hanta,
巴尔通氏体和钩端螺旋体。
bartonella, and leptospira.
我检测了约300只老鼠，
leptospira -- i've tested about 300 rats,
钩端螺旋体遍布整个城市。无处不在。
and leptospira is across the city. it's everywhere.
钩端螺旋体可以造成严重的发热。
leptospira is a very severe fever.
如果继续下去，它将会使
if it progresses, it will start deteriorating
你的内脏恶化并停止工作。
your internal organs, and you will shut down.
你将会很快死去。
effectively, you will die.
我们发现在城市中老鼠间的流行率
we're finding prevalence rates in rats that are up to
约占20%到25%。
20% to 25% throughout the city.
20%到25%的流行率。
20% to 25% is epidemic proportion.
这是一个很严重的公共卫生问题。
it's something that's a strong public-health concern.
蠕虫。
worms.
当你看到这些寄生虫时，
when you see these kinds of parasites,
就意味着我们必须要小心。因为，人类也可以被感染。
it means we've got to watch out because humans can get them.
这些寄生虫可以通过尿液，
these parasites will find their way through the urine,
和粪便的方式，
find a way through the feces,
然后人类就陷入了麻烦。
then that's where humans are going to get in trouble.
移走这些。我们要查看2号。
take these guys out of here. we're going to go to number two.
看起来很大。
looks like a lot bigger.
扁虫。
a flatworm.
很多老鼠遍及城市的餐厅或厨房，
we have rats all over the city in restaurants or kitchens
它们在那里可能污染食物。
where they could contaminate the food.
吃了这些污染食物后，你则会
eating contaminated food, you can end up
把这些寄生虫带入你的体内。
with these parasites in your internal organs.
好了，让我们看看样本3.
okay. let's take a look at sample number three.
哦，一个大家伙。
oh. that's a big one.
让我们看看这里。
let's see what we've got here.
因此还是活着的。
so still alive.
这种可以在你的肠子内生存，
these are the type that would grow in your intestines,
附着在肠壁上，
attach to the intestine wall,
并从肠中吸收营养物质。
and suck the nutrients out of the intestine.
你可以看到牙齿。
you see the ring of teeth.
在有开口的那里。
there's the opening right there.
对于不同的种类，
depending on species,
它们可以长到几英尺长。
these things can grow to several feet long.
如果人类吃了
if humans eat something
被这种寄生虫污染的蛋......
contaminated with eggs from this parasite...
而这种东西在你的身体系统内，
you end up with these things in your system
甚至你都不会知道。
without even knowing about it.
极其重要的是知道老鼠在哪，
blum: it's really important to know where rats are
和我们要面临的风险是什么。
and what are the exposure risks that we're facing.
而这一个，这里完全不同。
and then the ones we have over here are completely different.
如果我们将埃博拉或寨卡，
blum: and if we looked to ebola or zika
作为一个可以迅速改变一切的例子......
as an example of how quickly things are going to change...
嗯......
hmm.
这并不只是“如果”的问题，而是时间问题。
...it's not a question of if, it's a question of when.
鼠之战
孟买---印度
报道：这是印度历史上最严重的雨季。
reporter: it's the worst monsoon in recorded indian history.
超过500万人
over 5 million people
受到泛滥的洪水影响。
have been affected by the extensive flooding.
报道2：在孟买医院的病人，
reporter #2: patients in a mumbai hospital
出现了高烧，
are being treated for high fever,
身体疼痛和呕吐现象。
body aches, and vomiting.
这些是钩端螺旋体病的症状，
these are the symptoms of leptospirosis,
而老鼠尿液中则携带这些致命疾病。
a deadly disease carried in the urine of rats,
已经导致60多人死亡。
which has been the cause of death of over 60 people.
报道3：钩端螺旋体病的爆发
reporter #3: there was an outbreak of leptospira
遍及整个孟买地区。
throughout the mumbai area.
报道4：官员的最大恐惧已经成真，
reporter #4: the worst fear of officials has come true,
超过2000人因此被治疗中......
as over 2,000 people are being treated with rat...
报道5：不卫生的条件
reporter #5: unsanitary conditions
是引起钩端螺旋体病的原因，
are what have caused leptospirosis
应该被非常重视。
to be taken very seriously.
我叫Gangaram.
你不会看到任何老鼠在我家。
我捉住并且杀掉它们。
报道：感染钩端螺旋体的病人，
reporter: people with leptospirosis
会经历高烧及严重头痛......
experience high fever, severe headache...
我的工作是捕杀老鼠。
钩端螺旋体病是由......
leptospirosis is caused by...
到如今我已经做了十年。
我的工作很重要。
他们接治了众多了儿童感染者。
they have treated many children with leptospirosis.
报道2：该疾病影响肝脏，
reporter #2: the disease affecting the liver,
可能会导致肝衰竭。
the liver is probably likely to fail.
我习惯于去帮助别人。
因此没人得病。
我的工作很重要。
来这里。
这里。
这个地方到处是老鼠。
做点什么。
老鼠！老鼠！老鼠！
我们有鼠患。
看！抓住它！
有比以往更多的老鼠。
看！它咬着塑料袋。
如此多的老鼠在这。
它们破坏了所有东西。
看！抓住它！
做些什么吧！
我恨老鼠。
我们捕获的越多，就越安全。
报道：使用杀虫剂并不成功，
reporter: with little success with insecticide,
政府正在努力控制老鼠数量，
the government is working on curbing the rat population
并使用一些团队进行夜间捕鼠。
with a team of night rat killers.
让我们找到洞穴。
28人组成的团队将解决老鼠问题。
28 persons will address the rat problem.
这些政府雇员被要求戴上手套，
these government employees are encouraged to wear gloves,
鞋套，并采取保护措施。
covered shoes, and to take precaution.
这里有如此多的垃圾和污垢。
这便是为什么有这么多老鼠。
拿来网。
我们要用网捕捉它们。
然后用棍子打它们。
你仍可以抓住它。
它钻进去了。
抓住了。
现在我们杀死它。
杀了它。
完成。
从疾病中拯救家人和孩子。
他非常喜欢杀死老鼠。
报道：任何情况下你遇到老鼠......
reporter: any situation where you are involved with rats...
除非你非常小心它，
unless you are careful about
无论你的技巧多么娴熟。
how you are conducting yourself professionally,
很容易让你置身危险之中。
you are putting yourself at risk.
太危险了。
如果你被咬，就得病了。
这些从事这些工作的人，
these men who are doing this job,
他们必须戴上手套和鞋套。
it would be mandatory for them to be wearing gloves and shoes.
如果他们被咬了...很可能
if they get bitten... it is likely
传播沙门氏菌，伤寒，出血热，瘟疫...
to transmit salmonella, typhoid, hemorrhagic fevers, plague...
老鼠可以携带这些并继续生存，
whereas rats can carry a bug for the rest of their life
而不会生病。
and not get ill.
一旦进入人类体内...
once it gets into a human being...
将会变得极度凶猛，
it becomes ferocious to the point
并将会杀死人类。
where it will kill the human being.
我们是工厂工人。我们睡在这里。
老鼠整夜烦我们。
你被咬了？
哦，是。它们在我睡着的时候咬了我。
它们咬我们的脚。
咬我们的手和指头。
伤口极其惨。
过来！
这是唯一的办法杀掉它，
并且不会咬伤你的手，
同时也不会流血。
我抓了一个大的。
Sehlu和Sunkaapa抓的最多。
我有记录。
报道：每个老鼠捕手，
reporter: each rat killer
每晚在街道搜寻并除去30只老鼠，
seeks to rid the streets of 30 rats per night,
一周六天，以满足他们的配额。
six days a week, to meet their quota.
报道2：他们的方法被证明是
reporter #2: their methods are proving to be
环保并比陷阱更高效。
cleaner and quicker than traps.
我们今晚的工作不错。
报道1：在交付这些老鼠后，
reporter #1: individuals are compensated
每个人可以得到
upon delivery of expired rats
540卢布（约合6英镑）每晚。
540 rupees, or approximately 6 british pounds per night.
鼠之战
我抓到的老鼠越多，
我赚的钱就越多。
只拿另一个最大的。
这是一只两公斤重的老鼠。
它还活着。
它死了。
我在几年前做了一个实验，
sheehan: i did an experiment years ago,
并想验证是否真的有效。
and i wanted to see if it really worked.
因此我去找来...
so i went and i got...
我想是4只老鼠。
i think it was four rats.
我把它们圈养起来，
i put them in this enclosure,
而且一切都很顺利。
and everything's going good.
我们获得了很多幼崽。
we're having a lot of kids.
37只老鼠。
37 rats.
和我们一样。如同一个社会。
and just like us, they work as a community.
和我们一样拥有家庭层次结构。
they have a family hierarchy like we do.
它们聪明，
they're intelligent,
并且会照顾好幼崽。
and they take good care of the kids.
当我们拥有了52只老鼠后，
and when we got to 52 rats...
我拿走了食物。
i took away their food.
曾是一个非常和平的环境，
what was once a very peaceful environment
变成了地狱。
turns into a [bleep]hole.
它们开始相互残杀。
they started to cannibalize each other.
而首领，它不会死去。
the head guy -- he's not going to die.
但那些较弱的老鼠...
the weaker rats...
...则被清除。“过来这，我饿了。”
...are consumed. "get over here. i'm hungry."
这里没有食物。
there's no food.
他们开始吃刚出生的幼崽。
they started eating the babies when they were born.
呃...
um...
“愉快”的回忆。
pleasant memory.
干丹省---柬埔寨
我叫Kim。
我是一名稻农。
这片稻田本有好的收成。
但是稻谷却被收割了一样，
当老鼠进入这片田地。
让我查看一下。
老鼠吃掉了这里的所有东西。
看？没有任何东西在稻谷上。
是，老鼠的确是害虫。
我今天放置250个陷阱。
这些陷阱里面不需要放食物。
我只把它放在老鼠的必经之路附近。
陷阱里的老鼠必须是活的。
他们不为死的老鼠支付好价格。
我在黎明时取回陷阱。
有时候天还是黑的。
那也是蛇出没的时刻。
我把抓住的老鼠买给一个叫“Ret先生”的人。
他从很多人手中买老鼠。
我不知道他们送到哪。
仅仅25公斤多一点。
我付25分每公斤。
有人能帮我一下吗？
我需要一些空间给更多的老鼠。
把它们放到秤上。
接近7公斤。
就这样，其余的太小了。
因此，7公斤老鼠给你1.75美元。
老鼠死后就开始有气味了。
Ret先生将老鼠带去越南。
我在柬埔寨买下它们然后带到越南边境。
在这里卖给越南的卖家。
有时候我得到的多，有时候少。
越南卖家
无论我有多少公斤。
他们每天都会全部买下。
我靠卖老鼠赚钱养家。
我恰恰希望这里有更多老鼠。
这样我可以赚更多钱。
鼠之战
哦!
oh!
重要的是得到的老鼠
它们得是活着的。
这样你知道它们新鲜。
有很多种方式烹饪老鼠。
但我最喜欢用烤。
我用柠檬草和辣椒。
这些传统配方来自我出生的地方。
在越南的农村，
地里到处是老鼠。
因此吃它们很普遍。
吃它们非常安全。
尝起来像鸡肉，但更甜。
如果我不得不说服一个从没有吃过鼠肉的人尝试它，
我会说它事实上真的很好。
并且他们应该尝试一下才明白我的意思。
鼠之战
有趣的是，我们接到一些电话，
interestingly enough, we've had a few calls, places
我不能告诉你来自哪，
i can't tell you where they were --
但听着，可以这样说，
but listen, let's put it this way,
城市里一些奢华的地方...
some of the fanciest places in this city...
...充满了老鼠。
...teeming with rats.
餐厅责备我们，“我们这里有老鼠？”
the restaurant calls us down, "we've got mice over here."
看一看。
take a look.
“不，没有老鼠。
"no, you ain't got mice.
有幼崽在这里。
you have baby rats."
它们不相信我们，就如，好吧，我不是处理老鼠的。
they don't believe us, like, well, i'm not treating for mice.
你来处理它们。
you've got rats.
我们有最好的...
we had this wonderful...
被称为硫酸铊的杀鼠剂。
rodenticide called thallium sulfate.
不再使用了。
can't get it no more.
它看起来像压碎的阿司匹林。
it looked like crushed aspirin.
毒药在30秒内生效。
this poison worked within 30 seconds.
但是，我们是否摆脱了一切？
but did we get rid of them all?
不。我们不得不使用其他方法。
no. we had to use other methods.
老鼠可以从它的错误中学习。
a rat is able to learn from his mistakes.
当毒药被放置，老鼠是非常警惕的。
now when a poison is put down, rats are very wary.
它们观察它三到四天。
they look at it three, four days.
“这是什么？什么新东西？”
"what is that? that's something new."
它们会怂恿一个较弱的老鼠，
they'll send one of the weaker rats in,
“去，尝一口试试。”
"go ahead, take a bite."
然后，它们看着它。
then they watch him.
如果它死了...
if mikey dies...
它们便会在上面小便。
they'll urinate on the bait.
之后便没有老鼠会碰它。
nobody will touch it.
它们是如此聪明。
they're just smart.
因此...
so...
...决定和陷阱一块使用。
...decided to go with traps.
我喜欢用热那亚萨拉米香肠。
using my favorite genoa salami.
在陷阱上杀死一只老鼠，其它的会看到。
kill a rat in a trap, the other ones see it.
之后它们便不会很快的去陷阱附近。
they're not going to go near the trap too quick after that.
正好证明了我的观点。
just proves my point.
我们的每一个行动，
every action on our part
也会引起它们不同的反应。
is going to cause a reaction on their part.
它们是如此聪明，不断进化。
they're so intelligent, constantly evolving.
杀死它们变得原来越困难。
it's becoming harder and harder to kill them.
使用很多水泥，
did a lot of cement work.
花费六个月时间，封住可以找到的每一个洞。
took us six months, closing every hole i could find.
找到承包商，做了很多捕鼠夹。
running contractors, did a lot of sheet-metal work.
我们是否全部清除它们了？
did we get rid of them all up there?
并没有。
no.
你抓了一个老鼠...
you've got a rat...
它死了，好。它的朋友来参加“葬礼”。
he's dead, fine. his friend's coming to the funeral.
我们检查了一下，有20只来自纽约的老鼠。
we just checked, and we have 20 rats from new york city
准备放到这里。
to collections here to be prepped.
今天九点。
nine today.
我们拉出来看看，都有什么。
we can just pull out, see what we've got.
我要取出这一个。
i'll grab this one.
这些都有着奇怪的颜色。
these are these strange-colored ones.
所以，这是一个雌性头骨。
so this is the skull from that really big female.
它一定年龄很大，
she must have been pretty old
你可以看到牙齿有相当程度的磨损。
because you can see the teeth are fairly worn down,
比我们收集的其他标本
considerably older than a lot of these other guys
年龄都大。
that we've collected.
我们很开心，对于
we're pretty excited
你们愿意提供给我们老鼠。
that you guys were willing to take our rats.
我们很乐意可以收集。
and we're happy to have the collection,
并尽可能的保证
just to make sure they're preserved
它们能够被长时间保存。
for as long as possible.
1933年11月28日。
november 28, 1933.
由一个捕杀者捐献的。
says it was contributed by an exterminator.
可能添加了什么，因为它看起来真的很奇怪，
probably added it because it was a really strange,
好像，黑色的一种变种。
like, melanistic dark morph.
的确。
right, right.
作为我工作的一部分，
as part of my work,
我试图去了解它们如何演变，
i wanted to understand how they're evolving,
同时可以帮助我们去控制它们的数量。
which may help us control their populations.
它们似乎已经进化了出一些
they seem to have evolved a number of adaptations
用以避免被我们捕杀的适应。
to avoid us killing them.
这些是具有杀鼠剂抵抗力的。
so there's the rodenticide resistance.
尺寸的变化也相当惊人。
the size variation is amazing.
这是我见过的最大的老鼠。
that's the biggest rat we've seen.
是。它很明显。
yeah. it's remarkable.
这个是来自西边第47街区。
this is from west 47th street.
它超大。是的。一个大的繁殖雌性。
it's huge. yeah. a big breeding female.
大概...谁知道有多少老鼠呢
probably... who knows how many rats
相比其他的个体，
she contributed to the population.
它真是做了不少的贡献。
pretty huge compared to some of those other ones.
这是它的躯干骨和头骨。
this is its skeleton and its skull.
它们真的是发起了别的动物没有的
they really hit upon an evolutionary strategy
进化战策略，它成为了地球上
that no other mammal has, and it's kind of made them
最成功的物种之一。
one of the most successful species on the planet.
报道：要知道，它们携带一个坑性基因，
reporter: you know, they carry a gene that makes them resistant to
并且繁殖的速度是如此的快。
and the fact that reproduction time is so quick,
它真的改变了
it really changes
我们需要处理这些物种的方式。
the way we need to handle these pest species.
在了解老鼠突变的领域上，
the scientific community has a long way to go
科学界还有很长的路要走。
in understanding mutations in rats.
韦斯切斯特---纽约
关于它们如何演变，
the way we approach our questions
我们有处理问题的方法。
about how they're evolving,
我们带着标本回实验室...
we bring specimens back to our lab...
然后提取DNA。
and then we extract the dna.
我们尤其会特别查看与杀鼠剂
we have looked at the one gene in particular
抗性有关的一组基因。
that's associated with rodenticide resistance.
红色小块是一些基因的变化。
the red blocks are the little genetic changes.
是的。那里你可以找到一些组，
yeah. where you find clusters,
已经出现有很多变化的地方，
that's where there's been a lot of change
包括所有或大部分老鼠。
across all or most of the rats,
这可以使你能预测出，
which is what you would predict
它们是否正在变得具有抗药性。
if they were evolving resistance to poison.
我工作的一部分是收集
man: as part of my work, i wanted to collect
一些可供参考的标本。
a reference collection of specimens.
之后科学家可以在今后查看这些老鼠
and scientists after us can go back and look at these rats
并且可以与过去的进行对比。
so they can compare their rats in the future to the past.
问起来有点腐臭。
still smells a little rotten.
首先，我们要准备一个合适的标本。
first, we want to prepare a proper specimen.
我们以博物馆标本质量标准准备，
we prepare them as museum-quality specimens,
哪些地方是可保存的毛皮
which is where you save the skin
哪些不需要，因此可以长期保存。
and you stuff it so it's preserved for posterity.
这样，
and that way,
研究人员可以继续返回来研究它们。
researchers can continue to come back and look at them.
你有时间获得并冷藏DNA。
you sort of got dna that's frozen in time.
随着城市越来越大，
as cities have grown bigger,
你可以看到基因的有何不同。
you can look at how the genes differ.
例如，
for example,
与具有杀鼠剂抗性相关的基因，
with a gene associated with rodenticide resistance,
在50年后，科学家可以返回来，
50 years from now, a scientist could go back
查看我们收集的这些标本...
and look at the specimens that we have collected...
并查看是否有持续的进化。
and see if there's been ongoing evolution.
棒极了。
beautiful.
我们也取出骨骼。
we also take out the skeleton.
嘿，看我们得到的老鼠。
hey. got our rats.
我们有一个非常大的，
we have one really big one,
和这堆较小的。
and then we have a bunch of smaller ones.
太好了。它们饿了。
woman: great. they are hungry.
所以你会有一个漂亮，干净的骨架。
so you have a nice, clean skeleton.
我们通过一群甲虫幼虫清理它们。
we have it cleaned by a colony of beetle larvae.
最后一个。最后一个。好
last one. last one. okay.
这是一个挑战。
it's kind of a challenge.
我们制定策略
we develop strategies
去控制或消灭老鼠数量。
to control or defeat rat populations,
但是，它们依旧会不断进化，
but they're going to continually evolve
并产生适应性。
sort of counteradaptations to that.
因此，它将一直是一个“进化游戏”
so it will always be this evolutionary game
在我们与老鼠数量的对抗当中。
where we're working against the rat populations,
但是他们正在寻找方法绕开。
but they're finding ways around it.
鼠之战
雷丁---英格兰
报道：只是不知道，
reporter: just don't know.
据我们所知的全球范围内
what we do know is that rats are showing these
老鼠显示出的抗药性突变。
poison-resistant mutations all over the globe.
它似乎在同一时间发生于任何地方。
and it seems to be happening everywhere at the same time.
它几乎是正如如果老鼠...
it's almost as if the rats...
那边路上有更多的尸体。是的。
there's more down that way. all right.
我们发现相当多数量的死亡
man: we have found quite a number of dead
或者垂死的动物在这个农场。
or dying animals in this farming area.
我们一直在寻找
and we've been finding high levels
高效的灭鼠剂。
of rodenticide in these animals.
这的确是一个大问题。
that's a major problem.
好了。我们该走了。
all right. should we go around
检查所有的诱饵和搭板。
and check all the baits and the trays?
好。
yes.
这个农场有鼠患。
man: the farm has a rat infestation.
你可以看到很多的足迹，
you can see lots and lots of footprints.
粪便等。它们看起来非常活跃。
droppings, as well. they're very active.
我们尤其对这个区域感兴趣，
we're particularly interested in this site
因为这里的老鼠可以对抗
because these rats are able to eat
最有效的灭鼠剂。
the most potent rodenticide,
并且没有对它们有任何影响。
and it doesn't have any effect on them.
他们依旧数量众多。
they're taking massive amounts.
报道：问题是，携带高剂量杀鼠剂的
reporter: the problem then is that the rats are running around
老鼠在周边活动，
carrying high loadings of rodenticide
而当它们被捕食动物吃掉后，
and the predatory animals consume the rodents
老鼠体内包含的杀鼠剂，
that contain rodenticide,
则杀死了动物。
and it's actually killing the animals.
哦，我的天。
man: oh, my god.
所以我想我们将需要更多陷阱。
so i think we're going to need to trap some more.
我们需要评估是否继续使用
man: we need to assess whether or not the use of
而可能造成的更大程度的抵抗力
might have caused a much higher degree of resistance
和更多的突变体，在这些鼠群中。
and more mutations in the rat population.
我们真的不清楚。
we really don't know.
是的。
yep.
这个是非常好的一只。
that one's a really good one.
调查这些老鼠的第一步
the first process to investigate these rats
是需要提取组织样本。
is we need to get a tissue sample.
然后，使用多种试剂，
we then place in a number of reagents,
将DNA溶解。
which essentially dissolves the dna.
这是从老鼠尾巴上得到的结果，
we have the results from the rat tail,
我们可以看到DNA序列中，
and we can see that the dna bases
“C”，“A”和“G”已经改变。
"c," "a," and "g," have changed.
因此这是一个突变体。
so it's a mutation.
这是抵抗力突变？
it's that resistance mutation?
就像我们在这个地区追踪的其它老鼠一样。
just the same as the other rats we tracked in this area.
这些动物具有更强的抵抗力。
those animals will be even more resistant.
数量呈现饱和。
the population is saturated.
传播速度如此之快。
it spreads so rapidly.
或许用不了多久，
it's unlikely to be much time
便会看到老鼠在这个区域
before we start seeing rats
变得更加的难以控制。
far more difficult to control in the field.
这非常，非常令人担忧。
it's very, very concerning.
这些是具有高度抗毒性的老鼠。
these are the animals that were highly resistant to poison.
它们每三周有一窝幼崽。
they have their litters every three weeks.
11只幼崽在这。
11 youngsters in there.
非常令人印象深刻。
quite impressive.
它们需要采用
these animals need to consume
超过正常老鼠的2000倍剂量，
over 2,000 times the amount as normal rats
才可以致死。
to get the same level of lethality.
不是我说,，真的，
what i'm saying, really,
如果不能在这些地区杀死它们。
is if you can't kill rats in the field,
它们将不能被控制。
these animals cannot be controlled.
鼠之战
切尔滕纳姆---英格兰
如果某些在食物链中的东西
man: if something in a food chain
只有我们可以控制它。
and it's only us that control it,
我们必须这样做。
we've got to do that.
没有其它办法。必须这样做。
there's no other way. it's got to be done.
如果他们知道我们来，则不会放置毒药。
they won't put poison down if they know we're coming.
我们去养鸡场，养猪场，养鱼场，
we go to chicken farms, pig farms, fisheries,
任何一个有鼠患的地方，基本上
anywhere there's a rat problem, basically,
我们会尝试...用人道的方式处理老鼠。
we will go and try... and dispatch the rats humanely.
好了。我们到了。
okay. here we are.
这是一个美丽的老庄园。
this is a lovely old estate.
饲养员告诉我，农场周围有老鼠
the keeper informs me that rats around the farm
并且已经偷吃了他们的饲料。
have been taking some of his feed.
它们知道它们在那里。
they know they're there.
这些狗知道。
the dogs know.
它们知道老鼠就这那。
they know the rats are here.
我的方式是，给老鼠两个选择，
the way we do it, the rat gets two chances.
被杀掉或离去。
it gets killed, or it gets away.
一些养猪场和养鸡场，
some pig farms and chicken farms,
我们一次能抓1000多只老鼠。
we take out over 1,000 rats a session.
观看小狗们工作很振奋人心。
the excitement of watching the little dogs work.
这是我的最爱。
that's my passion.
你说什么，Dave？
what are you saying, dave?
周围有老鼠的迹象。
there are signs of rats all around.
我们会查看周围的。
we'll have a look around.
你可以看到这些小路...老鼠
you can see the tracks... where the rats
可以偷取农民的玉米后从这里进出。
have been going in and out, taking the farmer's corn.
死去鸟的羽毛，他们已经吃掉的。
the feathers of the dead birds, what they've been eating.
看这里，看。
look at these here. look.
这些粪便。
the droppings here.
的确很大。
it's really big.
这标志着是一直成年大型老鼠。
that's a sign of an healthy rat.
对，我想...
right, i think...
今天我们可以展示一场不错的“运动会”。
we can show you a nice bit of sport today.
我有22只梗犬。
i've got 22 terriers.
过来，Oliver。这里。
come on, oliver. here.
所有，都来。这里，过来。
all of you. come on. here. come on.
所有的梗犬都作为控制鼠类饲养。
all terriers were bred for vermin control.
它在哪里？在哪里？这里，这里，这里。
where is it? where is it? here, here, here.
它们都依靠它们的本能。
they've all got instincts in them.
好孩子，好孩子。它在哪里？
good boy. good boy. where is he?
你不必训练猎犬去杀死老鼠。
you don't have to train a terrier to kill rats.
这里，来，所有。这里。
here, come on, all of you. here.
出发。这里。来。
let's go. here. come on.
所有都在？
have we got everyone?
好的。
right.
过来。
come on.
很多人外出来享受这一切。
there's a lot of people out today enjoying themselves.
我们就仿佛在狩猎狐狸。
it's like we're fox hunting.
它是一件愉快的事情。
it's just an enjoyable thing to do.
是我们历史和文化的一部分。
it's a part of our culture, our history.
这里，看这里，这里，这里。过来
here, look here, here, here. come here.
看，看，看，看，看。
look, look, look, look, look.
它在哪里？
where is he?
这里可能有一对。
there's probably a couple in here.
过来。 Frankie,，看这里。
come here. frankie, look here. let's just clear this out.
让我们更清楚的看到。
有任何标记在这里吗？
have we got any marking there?
没。
man: no.
尝试用一些烟雾。
try and smoke some out, then.
走开，你个麻烦事，走开。
run, you bugger, run.
远离这个，你个傻瓜。
get away from that, you fool.
Aida。
Aida.
这里，这里，这里。看这儿。
here, here, here. look here.
我打赌有一个在那儿。
i bet there's one in there.
它快要跑出来了。
he's going to run out.
我们要杀了它们。
we're going to kill him.
仅仅在那四英尺的区域，不是吗？
just got to be in that sort of four-foot square, doesn't it?
是不是？
isn't it?
有了！
he's got it!
我想还会有另一个。然后。
i think he's got another one, then.
放开！你不是吃掉它。你个混蛋。放开！
let it go! you ain't eating it, you bastard. let it go!
再次。
and again.
放开，嘿！
let it go. hey!
没有更好的办法来杀死它们。
there's no nice way of killing any animal.
请把它放到挖掘机那里。
put that shovel there, please.
人们可以用毒药毒死它们。
people can kill them with poison.
它抓到了。
he's got him.
它并不是当即死亡。
it's not an instant death.
这里可能有更多。
there's probably more in here.
它在那儿。
there he is.
我喜欢尽可能多的用梗犬杀死它们。
i prefer to kill as many as i can with the terriers.
毫无疑问，这是很人道主义的方式。
there's no question it's just the humane way of doing it.
嘿，嘿，嘿。还活着。啊哈！混蛋。
hey, hey, hey. it's still alive. ah! bastard.
当即死亡。我们不会伤害它。
instant death. we don't injure it.
完全人道主义。
totally humane.
你在掠夺生命。
you are taking a life.
同时，你必须尊重它。
you must have respect.
Frank，看。
frank, look.
甚至是尊重老鼠。
even respect the rats.
真是令人惊叹。
woman: that was brilliant.
可以了。死了。好孩子。
that's enough of that. dead. good girl.
我认为女士们的得分多于男士。
i think the ladies were more game than the men here.
一次又一次。
and again and again.
放开！放开它！Frankie！
let him go. let him go! frankie!
过来，全部！
come on, all of you!
我们尝试去解决鼠患问题，
we will try and solve the rat problem,
或至少打败它。
or at least knock it down.
我并不试图证明可以和犬类一起做这些，
i'm not trying to justify going out with the dogs and doing it,
但，怎么可能阻止？
but where do you stop?
你为了阻止一只蜘蛛杀死苍蝇，而杀掉所有蜘蛛吗？
do you stop a spider getting a fly and kill all spiders?
这是一样的事情。
it's the same thing.
鼠之战
尽管你捕杀了它们，
however you kill them.
它们被你杀掉。
them you kill
但是它们并不会很快离开。
but they ain't leaving anytime soon.
上帝用什么方式创造了如此聪明的它们。
what makes them so smart is that's the way god created them.
以至于，它们如此成功。
they've been so successful.
我们必须尊重它们。
i've got to respect them.
它们也要生存。
they're going to survive,
在我看来，它们会做的更好。
and in my estimation, they'll do well.
我会离去，而它们依旧在这里。
i'll be gone. they'll be here.
拉贾斯坦邦---印度
这里是克勒妮玛塔神庙。
这个神庙有600年历史。
这是印度教寺庙。
人们来到这里。
祈求神明的祝福。
祈求安康。
多财。
有些人得病了。
因为克勒妮玛塔是印度教。
每个人都是神明的家人。
神明非常慷慨。
无论谁死了，
没问题。
每个人都能转世。
3.5万只老鼠居住这里。
但它们不是老鼠。
这是非常神圣的动物。
我们称为“kabbas”。
因此我们死后，
在下一世，
我们变成老鼠。
它们死后，
在下一世，
它们变成
人类。
老鼠在等着我。
这些老鼠是人类的转世。
这是他们的祖父，
母亲，
每一个死去的人。
它们是我的家人。
我们来到这里，
和它们一块玩耍。
一起吃饭，一块睡觉。
这并不脏，因为它们是我的家人。
因此，我们尊敬老鼠。
我可以喝。
牛奶很棒。
无论谁病了
到这儿并喝这些牛奶。
我很健康。
这些牛奶。我可以喝。
从未有疾病，从未有鼠疫，
因为这是我的家人。
整个世界的老鼠被伤害。
只有这里的老鼠是安全的。
这里从未有杀戮。
永无杀戮。
在我家
我们不会杀死老鼠。
我们居住并生存与此。
这也是一种人生。
我花了48年试图消灭它们。
i spent 48 years trying to exterminate them.
你不知道你面临的是什么。
you don't know what you're up against.
它们只是太有组织，太聪明。
they're just too well-organized and too damn smart.
我不是科学家，但是如果人类灭绝...
i'm no scientist, but if humans went extinct...
cosmosCW 独立制作。
...老鼠会接管世界。
...the rats would take over.